When titanium is heated in the open air, it reacts strongly with the gases around it. This reaction forms different substances like titanium oxide, titanium nitride, and titanium hydride on the surface and just beneath it. These substances are hard and brittle, which means they can easily crack when exposed to high levels of stress. The problem arises because the core of the titanium and its surface have different properties. This creates a stress-raising effect on the surface, preventing the stress from being evenly distributed throughout the titanium. As a result, the titanium can crack and break apart.
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